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Astrology
is the study
of correlations of celestial events with behavior on earth,
particularly correlations which cannot be explained by gravitation, magnetism, or other
forces that are well-established in physics or other sciences.
A "celestial
event" is
any event in the sky. For example, the Sun rising is a celestial event,
or any two planets appearing in the same place in the sky is a celestial
event. The celestial event can involve any celestial body, whether it
be the Sun, Moon, a planet,
an asteroid,
comet, star, black hole, quasar, or other celestial object. The
celestial event may also not involve any physical body at all, such as
when, for example, the Moon's North Node (as we shall find out later,
the Moon's North Node is not a physical object) is on the
eastern horizon. The eastern horizon is, of course, simply where the
sky meets the horizon of the earth in the easterly direction, and therefore is
also not a physical body like a planet or star.
Some people mention
that the Moon's position affects the tides of the ocean, as an example
of an astrological influence, but the correlation of ocean
tides with the Moon's position can be explained by gravitation so it is
not really astrological in that the rules used by astrologers generally cannot be
explained by gravitation or other forces known in the sciences.
Astrology has been used by virtually
every advanced civilization for thousands of years, but it has almost
always been very controversial
as well.
Today, skepticism about astrology is as strong as ever, and there are
many good reasons for this. Astrology has its roots in ancient times when
less scientific methods were employed and superstition was rampant in
many of these civilizations.
The only exposure that many people have had to astrology is the sun
sign columns in the newspaper or a glamorous psychic astrologer on
television. Thus, it is hardly surprising that astrology is generally
not accepted as a legitimate and valid field of inquiry by academia. Resistance to
astrology in academia is strong. The Kepler program and other fine work
being done in the field of
astrology today will hopefully open the eyes of many people to a
valuable tool that is being overlooked.
Some people confuse astrology with
astronomy. Astronomy is the science that studies celestial phenomena
physically. All objects in
the sky are
studied in terms of their constitution, position, history, etc.
Astronomy, of course, is a science and no one disputes its validity.
Astrology goes a step beyond astronomy by making correlations of
celestial phenomena with events on earth, and these correlations are not of a
nature that can be easily explained by traditional scientific concepts.
Astrology is highly controversial,
and currently (as of 1998; this may change in the near future) an
accredited college degree is not available in astrology, which exemplifies the fact
that astrology is currently not well-received in most academic circles.
Note that no one has proven how
astrology works. There are many different views on how or why astrology
might work, but there is
not single
conclusive answer that has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of all
astrologers. Astrology is the study of the correlation between celestial phenomena
and behavior on earth but why should this correlation exist? There are
many possible answers and
I will not
go into those now. Note that the lack of a clear explanation of why the
correlation should exist, or the fact that the existence of such a
correlation seems absurd to many scientists and non-scientists alike,
does not in itself make astrology
unscientific. Scientists can analyze correlations and perfect their
ability to predict based on these correlations without knowing why the correlation exists.
Experts in scientific methodology emphasize that science ultimately is
about making observations
and theories help us understand the observations. The ability to
predict that an apple will fall to the ground if dropped is a scientifically verifiable
statement and it does not require the theory
of gravitation to make it more scientific. However, the theory of gravitation allows us to
understand not only why the apple falls to the ground, but also a
myriad other phenomena such
as why planets revolve around the Sun and the Moon revolves around the
Earth. The power of a scientific theory is that it expands our ability to make predictions
about other phenomena, but the lack of good theories does not make a
replicable experiment less
scientific.
IS
ASTROLOGY A SCIENCE?
Much of astrology
sounds like superstition. For example, most astrologers believe that
Mars is a planet of aggression and if you were born when Mars
was rising, setting, or over your head ("culminating" is the more
technical astronomical term for "over your head") when you were born, then you
have the characteristics of Mars: aggressive and ambitious. In addition
to sounding superstitious,
there is no way to explain such an influence. Does this mean that
astrology is not a science?
The answer to this question is hotly
debated. Even some astrologers prefer to look at astrology as a cosmic
art rather than a mundane
science. Interestingly, the scientific method,
contrary to popular opinion and even the opinion of some
self-proclaimed scientists, has nothing to do with "common sense".
Science is founded on the scientific method, and the scientific method
requires only that rigorous
procedures be
employed to verify that the observed phenomenon is "real", not an
artifact of other influences ("extraneous variables" is the term used by
scientists). Much of modern physics, in fact, does not make "common
sense". The discoveries of Albert
Einstein and other 20th century scientists have destroyed the "common
sense" science that developed through the 18th and 19th centuries. modern physics
postulates a vast number of concepts which sound absurd to common
sense, but they are indisputably
scientific because they are congruent with observations made using the
rigorous procedure of the scientific method.
Therefore, the fact that astrology does
not make common sense or cannot be explained by known physical laws
does not disqualify it as
a
science. What would disqualify astrology as a science would be repeated
failure to validate any of its precepts in scientific studies. But scientific
studies by John Addey, John Nelson, Ann Parker, Theodore Landscheidt,
Mark Urban-Lurain, the Gauquelins,
and many others have already validated some astrological influences.
These studies cannot be officially declared to be scientific proof, however, because a
study must first meet the criteria required by the scientific method:
peer review and replication
of the results are required before being considered to be scientific
validation. A study must be published in a recognized scientific
journal to ensure that the study has been conducted properly. Also, a
well-designed study typically requires huge amounts of time and money to fund.
Astrology today is caught in a chicken-and-egg dilemma: Because the
funding and support is not
available, the studies have not been validated and published in major
scientific journals.
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Astrology BirthCharts and Natal Charts.
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